Headache Is often misdiagnosed as a sinus disease because it is under-appreciated that headache may be accompanied by symptoms that are similar to sinusitis:  lacrimation, conjunctival redness, runny nose, pain in the sinus region can all accompany headache/ migraine. Cranial autonomic symptoms occur by activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex. Parasympathetic efferents that innervate the lacrimal …

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Sleep & Weight Loss. Imagine losing weight while you sleep. Simple as that. Well, a recent paper discusses this topic and it appears that quality sleep does play a major role in weight regulation. I have summarised the findings below. Sleep–wake cycles exert a strong effect on the circulating levels of ghrelin and leptin, hormones …

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 Nowadays we must aim to follow the biopsychosocial model of pain management. Therefore it is best where possible to involve a multidisciplinary team approach. Chronic pain takes over a patient’s life, they insulate themselves, to protect themselves from further pain. They are afraid to leave their cocoon and in taking this approach pain mechanisms become …

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